Updated: December 29, 2025 | Chemistry carries 25% weightage in NEET with 45 questions worth 180 marks. This comprehensive guide covers all 20 Chemistry chapters divided into Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry with detailed topics, reactions, and chapter-wise weightage.

Key Stats: 45 Questions | 180 Marks | Physical (35-40%) | Organic (35-40%) | Inorganic (25-30%)

1. NEET Chemistry 2026 Overview

The NEET Chemistry syllabus 2026 is divided into three sections based on NCERT Class 11 & 12 textbooks:

Section	Chapters	Questions	Marks	Weightage
Physical Chemistry	7	15-18	60-72	35-40%
Organic Chemistry	8	15-18	60-72	35-40%
Inorganic Chemistry	5	10-13	40-52	25-30%
TOTAL	20	45	180	100%

2. Physical Chemistry (7 Chapters, 35-40%)

Physical Chemistry requires conceptual understanding + numerical ability. Focus on formulas and their applications.

Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Weightage: 1-2 Questions

Mole Concept: Mole = 6.022 × 10²³ particles, n = mass/molar mass
Stoichiometry: Balancing equations, limiting reagent, percent yield
Equivalent Weight: E = M/n-factor
Concentration Terms: Molarity (M), molality (m), mole fraction, ppm
Empirical & Molecular Formula: Calculation from percentage composition

Chapter 2: Structure of Atom

Weightage: 1-2 Questions

Atomic Models: Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr model
Bohr's Model: rₙ = 0.529n²/Z Å, Eₙ = -13.6Z²/n² eV
Quantum Numbers: n (principal), l (azimuthal), m (magnetic), s (spin)
Electronic Configuration: Aufbau, Pauli exclusion, Hund's rule
Orbitals: s, p, d, f shapes, nodes, radial probability
de Broglie Equation: λ = h/mv
Heisenberg Uncertainty: Δx.Δp ≥ h/4π

Chapter 3: Chemical Thermodynamics ⭐ HIGH-YIELD

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

First Law: ΔU = q + w, internal energy
Enthalpy: ΔH = ΔU + PΔV = ΔU + ΔnRT
Hess's Law: ΔH is path independent
Standard Enthalpies: Formation, combustion, atomization, bond enthalpy
Born-Haber Cycle: Lattice energy calculation
Entropy: ΔS = q_rev/T, spontaneity criteria
Gibbs Energy: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, spontaneity ΔG < 0
Equilibrium: ΔG° = -RT ln K

ΔH	ΔS	ΔG	Spontaneity
-ve	+ve	Always -ve	Always spontaneous
-ve	-ve	-ve at low T	Low temperature
+ve	+ve	-ve at high T	High temperature
+ve	-ve	Always +ve	Never spontaneous

Chapter 4: Equilibrium ⭐ HIGH-YIELD

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Chemical Equilibrium

Law of Mass Action: K_c = [Products]/[Reactants]
Relationship: K_p = K_c(RT)^Δn
Le Chatelier's Principle: Effect of concentration, pressure, temperature
Degree of Dissociation: α = √(K_c/C) for weak acids

Ionic Equilibrium

pH Scale: pH = -log[H⁺], pOH = -log[OH⁻], pH + pOH = 14
Weak Acids/Bases: K_a, K_b, K_w = 10⁻¹⁴
Buffer Solutions: Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pK_a + log([Salt]/[Acid])
Solubility Product: K_sp = [Aⁿ⁺]ᵐ[Bᵐ⁻]ⁿ
Common Ion Effect: Suppression of dissociation

Chapter 5: Solutions

Weightage: 1-2 Questions

Raoult's Law: P = P°X (ideal solution)
Deviations: Positive (ΔH_mix > 0), Negative (ΔH_mix < 0)
Colligative Properties:
Relative lowering of vapor pressure: (P° - P)/P° = X_solute
Elevation in boiling point: ΔT_b = K_bm
Depression in freezing point: ΔT_f = K_fm
Osmotic pressure: π = iCRT
Van't Hoff Factor: i = observed/calculated, accounts for association/dissociation

Chapter 6: Electrochemistry ⭐ HIGH-YIELD

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Electrochemical Cell: Galvanic (spontaneous), Electrolytic (non-spontaneous)
EMF: E°_cell = E°_cathode - E°_anode
Nernst Equation: E = E° - (0.059/n)log Q at 25°C
Gibbs Energy: ΔG° = -nFE°
Conductance: κ = 1/ρ, Λ_m = κ/c
Kohlrausch's Law: Λ°_m = λ°₊ + λ°₋
Faraday's Laws: m = ZIt = (M × I × t)/(n × F), F = 96500 C/mol

Chapter 7: Chemical Kinetics ⭐ HIGH-YIELD

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Rate of Reaction: -d[R]/dt = +d[P]/dt
Rate Law: r = k[A]ᵐ[B]ⁿ, order = m + n
Zero Order: [A] = [A]₀ - kt, t_½ = [A]₀/2k
First Order: ln[A] = ln[A]₀ - kt, t_½ = 0.693/k
Second Order: 1/[A] = 1/[A]₀ + kt
Arrhenius Equation: k = Ae^-E_a/RT, ln(k₂/k₁) = (E_a/R)(1/T₁ - 1/T₂)

3. Organic Chemistry (8 Chapters, 35-40%)

Organic Chemistry is reaction-based. Focus on named reactions, mechanisms, and conversions.

Chapter 1: Basic Organic Chemistry ⭐ FOUNDATION

Weightage: 3-4 Questions (Including GOC)

IUPAC Nomenclature: Naming rules for all functional groups
Isomerism: Structural (chain, position, functional, metamerism), Stereoisomerism (geometrical, optical)
Electronic Effects: Inductive (+I, -I), Resonance (+R, -R), Hyperconjugation
Carbocation Stability: 3° > 2° > 1° > CH₃⁺
Carbanion Stability: CH₃⁻ > 1° > 2° > 3°
Reaction Mechanisms: SN1, SN2, E1, E2, electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition

Chapter 2: Hydrocarbons

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Alkanes

Preparation: Wurtz reaction, decarboxylation, Kolbe electrolysis
Reactions: Halogenation (free radical mechanism), combustion

Alkenes

Preparation: Dehydrohalogenation, dehydration of alcohols
Reactions: Electrophilic addition (Markovnikov), ozonolysis, hydrogenation

Alkynes

Preparation: Dehydrohalogenation (2 equiv.), calcium carbide + water
Reactions: Addition of H₂, X₂, HX, H₂O (Markovnikov), acidic character

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Benzene structure, Huckel rule (4n+2)
Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenation, sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts
Directive effects: ortho-para (activating), meta (deactivating)

Chapter 3: Haloalkanes & Haloarenes

Weightage: 1-2 Questions

Preparation: From alcohols, alkenes
SN1 Mechanism: 3° > 2° > 1° (carbocation stability)
SN2 Mechanism: CH₃X > 1° > 2° > 3° (steric hindrance)
E1 vs E2: Elimination reactions, Saytzeff rule
Haloarenes: Less reactive, Sandmeyer reaction

Chapter 4: Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers ⭐ HIGH-YIELD

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Alcohols

Preparation: Hydration of alkenes, reduction of aldehydes/ketones, Grignard reagent
Reactions: Oxidation (PCC, K₂Cr₂O₇), dehydration, ester formation
Lucas Test: 3° (immediate), 2° (5 min), 1° (heating required)

Phenols

Acidic nature: More acidic than alcohols (resonance stabilization)
Reactions: Kolbe reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, azo coupling

Ethers

Preparation: Williamson synthesis (R-O-Na + R'-X)
Reactions: Cleavage with HI

Chapter 5: Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids ⭐ HIGHEST-YIELD

Weightage: 3-4 Questions

Aldehydes & Ketones

Preparation: Oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, Rosenmund, Gattermann-Koch
Nucleophilic Addition: With HCN, NaHSO₃, Grignard reagent
Reactions:
Aldol Condensation: β-hydroxy aldehyde/ketone formation
Cannizzaro Reaction: Disproportionation (no α-H aldehydes)
Clemmensen Reduction: Zn-Hg/HCl → alkane
Wolff-Kishner Reduction: NH₂NH₂/KOH → alkane
Tollens' Test: Ag mirror (aldehydes only)
Fehling's Test: Red precipitate (aldehydes, except aromatic)
Iodoform Test: CH₃CO- or CH₃CHOH- groups

Carboxylic Acids

Acidic strength: Electron withdrawing groups increase acidity
Reactions: Esterification (Fischer), Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky, decarboxylation

Chapter 6: Amines

Weightage: 1-2 Questions

Basicity Order: Aliphatic amines > NH₃ > Aromatic amines
Preparation: Reduction of nitro compounds, Gabriel phthalimide, Hoffmann bromamide
Reactions: Carbylamine test (1° amines), Hinsberg test (classification), Diazonium salts
Diazonium Reactions: Sandmeyer, Gattermann, coupling with phenols/amines

Chapter 7: Biomolecules

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose)
Proteins: Amino acids (20 essential), peptide bond, primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary structure
Nucleic Acids: DNA (A-T, G-C), RNA types (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)
Vitamins: Water soluble (B, C), fat soluble (A, D, E, K)
Enzymes: Lock-and-key model, specificity

Chapter 8: Polymers & Chemistry in Everyday Life

Weightage: 1-2 Questions

Addition Polymers: Polythene, PVC, polystyrene, Teflon
Condensation Polymers: Nylon-6,6, Bakelite, polyester
Natural vs Synthetic: Rubber (natural), Buna-S/Buna-N (synthetic)
Drugs: Analgesics, antibiotics, antiseptics, antacids

4. Inorganic Chemistry (5 Chapters, 25-30%)

Inorganic Chemistry is fact-based. Focus on NCERT tables, trends, and reactions.

Chapter 1: Periodic Table & Periodicity

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Modern Periodic Law: Properties periodic function of atomic number
Periodic Trends:
Atomic radius: Decreases across period, increases down group
Ionization energy: Increases across period, decreases down group
Electron affinity: Generally increases across period
Electronegativity: Increases across period, decreases down group
Exceptions: IE₁ anomalies (Be > B, N > O), EA anomalies (F < Cl)

Chapter 2: Chemical Bonding ⭐ HIGH-YIELD

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Ionic Bond: Lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle
Covalent Bond: Lewis structures, formal charge
VSEPR Theory: Molecular geometry prediction
Hybridization: sp (linear), sp² (trigonal planar), sp³ (tetrahedral), sp³d, sp³d²
Molecular Orbital Theory: Bond order = ½(Nb - Na)
Hydrogen Bonding: Intermolecular vs intramolecular

Geometry	Hybridization	Bond Angle	Example
Linear	sp	180°	BeCl₂, CO₂
Trigonal Planar	sp²	120°	BF₃, AlCl₃
Tetrahedral	sp³	109.5°	CH₄, NH₄⁺
Pyramidal	sp³	107°	NH₃, PCl₃
Bent	sp³	104.5°	H₂O
Trigonal Bipyramidal	sp³d	90°, 120°	PCl₅
Octahedral	sp³d²	90°	SF₆

Chapter 3: s-Block & p-Block Elements ⭐ HIGH-YIELD

Weightage: 3-4 Questions

s-Block Elements (Groups 1 & 2)

Alkali metals: Properties, diagonal relationship (Li-Mg), compounds (NaOH, Na₂CO₃)
Alkaline earth metals: Properties, compounds (CaO, CaCO₃, plaster of Paris)

p-Block Elements (Groups 13-18)

Group 13: Boron family, B₂H₆ (diborane), AlCl₃ (Lewis acid)
Group 14: Carbon family, allotropes of carbon, silicones
Group 15: Nitrogen family, NH₃, HNO₃, PCl₃, PCl₅
Group 16: Oxygen family, O₃, H₂SO₄, structures of oxoacids
Group 17: Halogens, HF, interhalogen compounds, bleaching powder
Group 18: Noble gases, Xe compounds (XeF₂, XeF₄, XeF₆)

Chapter 4: d & f-Block Elements

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Transition Metals: Variable oxidation states, colored compounds, catalytic activity, complex formation
Properties: Highest MP (W), highest density (Os), lowest MP (Hg)
Important Compounds: KMnO₄, K₂Cr₂O₇ (oxidation reactions)
Lanthanides: Lanthanide contraction, +3 oxidation state
Actinides: Radioactive, variable oxidation states

Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds ⭐ HIGH-YIELD

Weightage: 2-3 Questions

Werner's Theory: Primary valency (oxidation state), secondary valency (coordination number)
IUPAC Nomenclature: Naming rules for complex compounds
Isomerism: Geometrical (cis-trans), optical, linkage, ionization, coordination
VBT: Inner vs outer orbital complexes
CFT: Crystal field splitting (Δ), spectrochemical series
Spectrochemical Series: I⁻ < Br⁻ < Cl⁻ < F⁻ < OH⁻ < H₂O < NH₃ < en < NO₂⁻ < CN⁻ < CO
Magnetic Properties: μ = √(n(n+2)) BM

5. Chapter-Wise Weightage Analysis

Chapter	Questions	Importance
Organic Reactions (Combined)	12-15	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Chemical Bonding	2-3	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Coordination Compounds	2-3	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Equilibrium	2-3	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Electrochemistry	2-3	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Chemical Kinetics	2-3	⭐⭐⭐⭐
Thermodynamics	2-3	⭐⭐⭐⭐
p-Block Elements	3-4	⭐⭐⭐⭐
d & f-Block	2-3	⭐⭐⭐
Solutions	1-2	⭐⭐⭐
Biomolecules	2-3	⭐⭐⭐
Atomic Structure	1-2	⭐⭐
Polymers	1	⭐⭐

6. Chemistry Preparation Strategy

Physical Chemistry (35-40%)

Learn all formulas with derivations
Practice numerical problems extensively
Focus on Electrochemistry, Kinetics, Equilibrium
Make formula sheets for quick revision

Organic Chemistry (35-40%)

Master named reactions and mechanisms
Practice conversion problems
Learn GOC (General Organic Chemistry) thoroughly
Focus on Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids

Inorganic Chemistry (25-30%)

Read NCERT line by line (most questions from NCERT)
Memorize periodic trends and exceptions
Learn structures and reactions of compounds
Focus on Coordination Compounds, p-Block

Essential Books

NCERT Class 11 & 12 - Primary source (80% questions based on NCERT)
MS Chouhan - Organic Chemistry problems
N Awasthi - Physical Chemistry problems
VK Jaiswal - Inorganic Chemistry problems

Conclusion

NEET Chemistry requires balanced preparation across all three sections:

Master Organic reactions - 12-15 questions, highest scoring
Learn Physical Chemistry formulas - Practice numericals daily
Read NCERT Inorganic thoroughly - Direct questions from textbook
Solve 500+ MCQs per section - Build speed and accuracy

Target Score: 140-160/180 is achievable with NCERT mastery + 1500 MCQs + 20 mock tests

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